CONTENT:
FOOTNOTES
APPENDIX I - Examples of historical style-copy and period compositions
APPENDIX II - Some contemporary period compositions
APPENDIX III - Comparative transcription of Giazotto-Albinoni paratexts 1958-1975
FOOTNOTES
[01:42] This is reported in Johann Mattheson, Grundlage einer Ehrenpforte (Hamburg, 1740) [imslp], p. 322-3: “Zum andern, daß er in seinem hohen Alter, welches er über 87. gebracht hat, nach Hamburg, an Christoph Bernhard, seinen gewesenen Discipel, geschrieben, mit Bitte, ihm seinen Leichentext: Cantabiles mihi erant justificationes tuae in loco peregrinationis meae, nach dem pränestinischen Contrapunctstyl, mit 2. Cant. A. T. & B. auszuarbeiten: welche Motete er denn, zwey Jahr vor seinem Ende, Ao. 1670. empfangen, und ein grosses Vergnügen darüber bezeiget hat. Er rühmte au das Stück in seinem Antwortschreiben mit diesen Worten: Mein Sohn, er hat mir einen grossen Gefallen erwiesen durch Übersendung der verlangten Motete. Ich weiß keine Note darin zu verbessern.” [On the other hand, that at his advanced age, which went beyond 87, he wrote to Christoph Bernhard, his former disciple, in Hamburg, asking him to prepare his funeral text: Cantabiles mihi erant justificationes tuae in loco peregrinationis meae, according to the contrapuntal style of Palestrina, with two Cant. A. T. & B.: which motet he then received, two years before its death, in 1670, and expressed great pleasure in it. He praised the piece in his reply with these words: "My son, he has done me a great favour by sending me the requested motete. I know of no note to improve in it.] The mentioned piece, sadly, did not survive.
[02:01] Bruce Haynes, The End of Early Music (Oxford university press, 2007), p. 210: “[a period composition is] a copy, not based on any specific original, that is so stylistically consistent that experts cannot discover anachronisms or inconsistencies in it; a correctly attributed ‘fake.’”
[03:55] Henry Purcell, Sonatas of Three Parts (London, 1683) [imslp], preface. A similar example from the same time is Robert King's "Sonetta after the Italion way" [sic], found in Peter Holman and John Cunningham, Restoration trio sonatas (London, 2012), p. 43.
[04:23] Regarding the style of Telemann’s pieces see Young-Shim Chang, Italian Influences in the Corellisirende Sonaten of Telemann (Master Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995) [unt].
[06:23] Clive Brown, “Spohr, Louis” (2001, [Grove online])
[06:57] Patrick M. Liebergen, “The Cecilian Movement In The Nineteenth Century: Summary Of The Movement”, in: The Choral Journal, Vol. 21, No. 9 (1981) [Jstor], pp. 13-16.
[07:35] Interestingly, in the title of the piece Bruckner also included in brackets “Lydisch” - that is, in the Lydian mode, which is another way for him to say that he’s referring to old church music traditions. More about Bruckner’s sacred works see in Felix Diergarten, Anton Bruckner: Das geistliche Werk (Müry Salzmann, 2023).
[08:08] James Garrat, Palestrina and the German Romantic Imagination (Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 189.
[08:40] Bruckner’s piece Pange, lingua, gloriosi Corporis mysterium (WAB 33) was published in Franz Xaver Witt’s Musica Sacra Vol. 18 (1885). Famously, Witt published the piece with some “corrections” that were interpreted by some scholars as an attempt to make Bruckner’s piece more appropriate to the Cecelian/Renaissance ideals. However, this and other changes were probably made for practical reasons. ibid., 187.
[08:51] Musica sacra: Monatschrift für Kirchenmusik u[nd] Liturgie, Vol. 7 (1874) [google books] [cpdl].
[09:40] Alcuin Reid, The Organic Development of the Liturgy (Ignatius Press, 2005), Ch. 3, under "The Encyclical Musicæ Sacræ Disciplina". This is also mentioned in Karin Strinnholm Lagergren, The Word became Song: Liturgical Song in Roman Catholic Convents and Monasteries 2005-2007. (PhD diss, Gothenburg University 2009) [academia.edu], 72. The original decree in Latin can be read here: [vaticana.va].
[12:00] Nathaniel J. Chaitkin, Gaspar Cassadó: His Relationship With Pablo Casals And His Versatile Musical Life (PhD Diss., University of Maryland 2001) [cello.org], chapter 2.
[12:25] The exposure and reaction of Kreisler were published in the New York Times, 8/2/1935 [nytimes].
[13:03] Some examples of false attribution: 1. Henri Casadesus’ concertos for viola “by C.P.E. Bach” (1911), “by Handel” (1924) and “by J.C. Bach” (1947) [on imslp the pieces are categorized as composed by Casadesus “in the style of X”]; 2. Gaspar Cassadó’s toccata “by Frescobaldi”. Read about this and other false attributions by Cassadó in Chaitkin’s PhD referred above in footnote 12. The “Frescobaldi” toccata can still be heard today with the false attribution to Frescobaldi, for example on this 2015 [YouTube] video.
[13:45] “Han van Meegeren's Fake Vermeers” on Essential Vermeer [website]. See also the YouTube video “Van Meegeren's Fake Vermeers” by Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen [YouTube]. The video excerpt shown is taken from the 2019 drama film The Last Vermeer.
[15:14] Gordon Reynolds, “New Organ Music”, in: The Musical Times, Vol. 100, No. 1400 (Oct., 1959) [Jstor], p. 549. The full review: “Albinoni: Adagio in G minor, arr. Giazotto. Originally for archiviola [sic] and organ, the music is here arranged for organ solo, and most pleasing it is. It consists of a passionate melody in the early Italian operatic tradition, with some gently contrasting bravura for a middle section. The only doubt is about this part -whether the organ can make enough of what is obviously very effective on a stringed instrument. However, it is good for the organist to have available an old piece full of warmth and life, as an antidote to too much detergent.”
[16:16] See Appendix III below.
[16:47] A transcription of this document is available online on [imslp]. This find was presented in Nicola Schneider, La tradizione delle opere di Tomaso Albinoni a Dresda, tesi di laurea specialistica (Facoltà di musicologia dell'Università degli studi di Pavia, Cremona 2007).
[17:36] ibid., pp. 181–186. “Mi divertii a realizzarlo melodicamente continuando quello spunto tematico. Mi sembrava di ritornare ai tempi di Paribeni maestro di armonia che mi assegnava compiti simili.” Parts of it are translated on a [wikipedia discussion].
[18:50] For all the published music by Simonetti/Michel, see [amadeusmusic.ch]. The works of Michel are also presented in Heynes, p. 212.
[19:33] Joseph Haydn, Entwurf-Katalog (D-B, Mus.ms.theor. Kat. 607 [ca. 1765-1805]) [Stabi], pp. 20-24 [numbers in pencil].
[19:51] Frederick Reece, “Composing Authority in Six Forged "Haydn" Sonatas”, in: The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 35, No. 1 (University of California Press, 2018) [Jstor], pp. 104-143. The forging aspect included faking a library self mark and omitting two pages only to then fake their reconstruction by himself. See also the booklet of the recording (below).
[20:07] In addition, a recording was made: Paul Badura-Skoda (fortepiano), Six Lost Piano Sonatas by Joseph Haydn (Unauthorized Version), (Koch International, 1995) [discogs]. Michel continued his work into the 21st century. He published more “Baroque” compositions under another pseudo name - “Giovanni Paolo Tomesini”, and recently he announced new completions of unfinished pieces by Mozart: Lukas Speckmann, "Winfried Michel: Musiker aus Münster vollendet Mozart", in: Westfälische Nachrichten (26.12.2023) [wn.de].
[22:00] Haynes, p. 214.
APPENDIX I: Examples of historical style-copy and period compositions mentioned in the episode (chronological order)
Christoph Bernhard, “Cantabiles mihi erant justificationes tuae in loco peregrinationis meae” ‘according to the contrapuntal style of Palestrina’ (1670) [did not survive]. See footnote 1.
Henry Purcell, Sonatas of Three Parts (London, 1683) [imslp].
Johann Sebastian Bach, “Concerto nach Italianischen gusto” and “Ouverture nach Französischer Art”. Clavier-Übung II (Nuremberg, [1735]) [imslp].
Georg Philipp Telemann, 6 Sonates corellisantes (Hambrug, 1735) [imslp].
Muzio Clementi, Musical Characteristics or A collection of preludes and cadences for the harpsichord or pianoforte composed in the style of Haydn, Kozeluch, Mozart, Sterkel, Vanhal and the author, Op.19 (London, 1787) [imslp].
Charles-François Dumonchau, Trois Sonates pour le Piano dans le Stile de Haydn, Mozart et Clementi, Op.30 (Paris, 1808) [imslp].
Louis Spohr, Symphony No.6, Op.116: Historische Symphonie im Styl und Geschmack vier verschiedener Zeitabschnitte für Orchester (Vienna, 1842) [imslp].
Anton Bruckner, Os justi WAB 30 (1879) [imslp].
Fritz Kreisler, Violin Concerto in C major (New York, 1927) [imslp - Notice, the downloadable PDF on IMSLP was manipulated from the original to show “Concerto in C Major: In the Style of Antonio Vivaldi” and Kreisler as the composer].
Further selected period compositions that are not mentioned in the episode:
Jean-Baptiste Cartier, Sonate pour le violon avec accompagn dans le style de Mr. Lolly, Op.7 (early 19th cen?) [imslp]
Carl Czerny, Sonata in the Style of Domenico Scarlatti, Op.788 (1847?) [imslp]
William Wolstenholme, Sonata for the Organ in the Style of Handel (1896) [imslp]
Isidore Bertheaume, Sonata for 2 Violins in the Style of Lolly (last quarter of 19th cen.) [imslp]
Mykola Lysenko, Impromptu in the Style of Chopin, Op.38 (1900) [imslp]
Ferdinand Küchler, Violin Concertino, Op.15 (1937?) [imslp]
APPENDIX II - Some contemporary period compositions
Iason Marmaras:
Preces for Seven Several Voices “in the Italian Style” (2020) [YouTube]. A set of Preces for singing at Evensong, in English 17th-century style with an added Italian flair.
Kom Sünder Gross and Kom Sünder Gross diminutum (2021) [YouTube]. A four-part setting and a diminution setting for violin (used as an interlude between the verses) of a funeral melody by Anna von Niebelschitz (before 1601).
Erik Schroeder:
La Locandiera (2022). Dramma giocoso in 2 acts. Libretto by Gaetano Rossi (1800), based on the play by Carlo Goldoni (1752) [YouTube].
Se immaginar potessi… Felice età dell’oro (2022). Recitative and aria for soprano and orchestra. Text from “Demofoonte” by Pietro Metastasio (1733) [YouTube].
The Passions, an Ode for Music (2023). For four singers and orchestra. Text by William Collins (1747) [Excerpts on YouTube]
Elam Rotem:
Joseph and his Brethren [first published as Rappresentatione di Giuseppe e i suoi Fratelli] (2012). Musical drama in three acts for five singers, instruments, and basso continuo. Text from Genesis 37-46 [Excerpt on YouTube].
Quia Amore Langueo (2014). A collection of 16 pieces for voices and instruments setting texts from the Song of Songs and other dark Biblical love tales.
The Lamentations of David (2020) [YouTube]. A motet for five singers, instruments, and basso continuo. Text from II Samuel, 17-27.
Flavio Ferri-Benedetti:
La Passione di Gesù Cristo (2023). A passion for singers and orchestra. Libretto by Pietro Meastasio (1730). [Excerpt on YouTube].
APPENDIX III - Comparative transcription of Giazotto-Albinoni paratexts 1958-1975
Original edition 1958 [and 1966 reprint]
Albinoni-Giazotto: Adagio in sol minore
Per archi e organo
NOTA DELL'ELABORATORE
Il presente « Adagio » faceva parte di una Sonata a Tre albinoniana in sol minore senza numero d'opus di cui ci sono pervenuti solo il basso numerato (a stampa) e due frammenti del primo violino (manoscritti), sul margine della Il e lII carta della parte di basso.
L'elaboratore, come prima cosa, ha proceduto alla realizzazione del basso numerato superstite sul quale avvalendosi dei due episodi melodici (6 battute in tutto), ha creato e disposto un nesso narrativo che aderisse con assoluta fedeltà al tessuto armonico che il basso numerato originale suggeriva.
Data la particolare atmosfera mistica creata dal basso numerato (doveva di certo trattarsi di una Sonata a tre da chiesa e non da camera) l'elaboratore ha creduto opportuno affidare la realizzazione del basso numerato all'organo anziché al clavicembalo.
La parte deI basso numerato a stampa con i frammenti del primo violino, si conserva presso la Biblioteca Statale di Lipsia.
1975 reprint [including future reprints]
Remo Giazotto: Adagio in sol minore
Per archi e organo su due spunti tematici e su un basso numerato di Tomaso Albinoni
NOTA
Il presente « Adagio » faceva parte di una Sonata a tre albinoniana in sol minore senza numero d'opus di cui ci sono pervenuti solo il basso numerato (a stampa) e due frammenti del primo violino (manoscritti). La parte del basso numerato, con i frammenti della parte del primo violino, fu inviata al Maestro Giazotto dalla Biblioteca Statale di Dresda subito dopo la fìne dell'ultimo conflitto, dopo che era stato già compilato e pubblicato l'indice tematico dell'opera albinoniana (R. Giazotto, Albinoni, musico di violino dilettante veneto [1671-1750], Milano, Bocca, 1945).
Remo Giazotto, come prima cosa, ha proceduto alla realizzazione del basso numerato superstite (integrandolo con una breve introduzione) sul quale, avvalendosi dei due episodi melodici (6 battute in tutto), ha creato e disposto un nesso narrativo che aderisse con assoluta fedeltà al tessuto armonico che il basso numerato suggeriva.
Data la Particolare atmosfera mistica creata dal basso numerato (doveva di certo trattarsi di una Sonata a tre da chiesa e non da camera) Remo Giazotto ha creduto opportuno affidare la realizzazione del basso numerato all'organo anziché al clavicembalo.
AVVERTENZA
L'Adagio in sol minore per archi e organo, composto da Remo Giazotto su due spunti tematici e un basso numerato di Tomaso Albinoni, è un'opera originale protetta dalle leggi che tutelano il diritto d'autore. Qualsiasi edizione, riproduzione, riduzione, trascrizione, elaborazione, adattamento e in genere qualsiasi utilizzazione non autorizzata da G. Ricordi & C. s.p.a., Milano, è abusiva, e sarà perseguibile a norma delle leggi che tutelano il diritto d'autore.
SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES:
Giazotto puts himself as the composer and expands the title.
A copyright notice is added.
The fact that the melodic fragments were written on the margins of the bass part is omitted.
An explanation is added as to how Giazotto got this fragment and why it wasn’t published in his Albinoni catalog from 1945.
It is noted that a short introduction was added to the music.
The location of the fragment in Leipzig is omitted.
CREDITS
Created by Elam Rotem, March 2024.
Special thanks to Erik Schroeder, Alon Schab, Nimrod Ben-Zeev, Enrico Correggia, Iason Marmaras, Fynn Titford-Mock, Bob Tennent, Lisandro Abadie, Tim Braithwaite, Nicola Schneider, Domen Marincic, Augusta Campagne and Anne Smith.